The basic aim of a wildlife sanctuary is to protect the wildlife: plants, animals as well as birds. So, it comes as no surprise that every wildlife sanctuary will be host to a rich variety of flora and fauna. Most sanctuaries and national parks exist with the sole purpose of protecting endangered species that may be found in that region. Species such as the Bengal tiger, snow leopard, polar bear, Indian rhino, great white shark, emperor penguin, etc need to be saved from the brink of extinction. The wildlife sanctuaries not only allow these species to exist in their natural habitat, but steps are also taken to ensure that their numbers go on the rise. The officials in charge of the sanctuary ensure that enough security measures are taken so as not to allow any illegal activities such as poaching in and around the premises of the forest reserves. Also, the newborn animals and the young are closely monitored and proper care is given. The cutting down of trees is strictly prohibited, in a bid to protect whatever precious little forest is left. A census is taken from time to time, and the number of animals belonging to each species is carefully observed.

The aid of the indigenous people living in the forest area is vital for animal conservation. Indigenous people would have made the forest their home many years ago, and their understanding of their surroundings plays a crucial part in helping the forest rangers in their quest for animal conservation. The ways of the tribals play a huge role in the maintenance of the balance of the ecosystem. The officials in charge of the wildlife reserves employ the natives to help in the conservation. This not only provides the natives with an excellent employment opportunity, but also allows the forest officials to enlist the services of the “experts” so to speak.